廣東“回南天”現象分析及其預報
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廣東省氣象局科研課題(2012B04)資助


Analysis and Forecasting of High Humidity Weather in Guangdong in February and March
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    摘要:

    利用室內地板溫度、氣溫、露點、濕度,以及NCEP 1°×1°分析數據等資料,對2012年廣東2—3月冬春過渡季節“回南天”(高濕天氣)的5次個例的天氣形勢、氣象要素特征和物理變化過程進行了分析。結果表明:冷空氣影響結束后,廣東上空迅速轉受暖濕空氣控制,當室外空氣露點高于室內物體溫度時“回南天”現象就會產生;“回南天”是出現在冷暖急轉的天氣背景下的;冬春季節當持續控制廣東的冷高壓脊快速減弱,同時925 hPa上有明顯的偏南氣流時,預報員就要考慮是否會出現“回南天”現象;氣溫快速回升,露點高于室內物體溫度是“回南天”出現的必要條件,要重點分析未來露點的變化;“回南天”有兩種結束方式,即冷性結束和暖性結束。

    Abstract:

    During the transition season between winter and spring in Guangdong Province, many objects such as indoor floors, walls and glasses easily become damp and are often covered by a thin clay of condensed water. An analysis is made of such five cases of the special high humidity weather during February and March in 2012 in the aspects of physical processes and circulation patterns, air temperature and humidity characteristics, etc. The results indicates: after the termination of the influence of cold air, warm and wet air affects Guangdong when the dew point of outdoor air is higher than the indoor object temperature, and a high humidity weather event appears on the background of cold air making a sudden turn into warm air. During the transition season between winter and spring, when the high pressure ridge weakens rapidly, meanwhile there is obvious southerly air flow on 925 hPa, it is necessary to consider whether there appears a high humidity phenomenon during daily weather forecasting; the rapid rise of air temperature is the necessary condition for the high humidity phenomenon; the trend of future dew point should be selectively analyzed. The high humidity phenomenon normally disappears in two ways: cold ending and warm ending. Namely, Guangdong is affected by new cold air and the air temperature and dew point decrease dramatically, and the dew point is lower than the indoor object temperature; or air temperature rises up and lasts for a certain time period and the indoor object temperature is higher than the outdoor air dew point.

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張東,汪瑛,馮業榮,方一川.廣東“回南天”現象分析及其預報[J].氣象科技,2014,42(2):302~308

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  • 收稿日期:2013-03-14
  • 定稿日期:2013-11-07
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  • 在線發布日期: 2014-04-27
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