The operation monitoring system is the real time operation platform of the national automatic soil moisture observation network for observation data analysis and equipment maintenance. It is one important part of the construction of the automatic soil moisture observation network.The system structure is designed by means of C/S (Client/Server) and B/S (Browser/Server), which contains six modules: system running status monitoring, observation data quality monitoring, product analysis and display, maintenance and logistics management, observation network site database, and comprehensive analysis and assessment. The construction structure, the main functions, and the key technical methods of the operations monitoring system are described in detail.