Based on the wind profiler radar working principles and wind formulas, the main factors affecting atmospheric wind field observation errors are studied, and the effect of radar echo signal to noise ratio (SNR) on wind observation accuracy and GPS sounding comparison test is analyzed. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Wind speed observation accuracy is mainly depended on the beam tilt angle, radar technical parameters, and the vertical distribution of 〖WTBX〗C〖WTBZ〗n2 (refractive index structure parameter); the greater the wind speed and wind speed accuracy, the greater the accuracy of wind direction. (2) In the same observation mode, the greater the beam tilt angle and 〖WTBX〗C〖WTBZ〗n2, the higher the accuracy of the wind field observations. (3) The greater radar echo SNR, the smaller the accuracy of wind speed. There is large difference in wind observation error between different modes. (4) There is good correlation between wind speed and direction in the comparative test, but the relative deviation is obvious, especially at low altitudes.