By using the conventional observation, FY 2E satellite, radar detection, and automatic weather station rainfall data, the extreme severe rainstorm on 28 June 2010 in Guangxi is analyzed. The results show: (1) The rainstorm disaster has the features of small influencing area, concentrated in time, large process rainfall, short duration, and serious secondary disaster. (2) The rainstorm occurred in the circulation pattern of “two ridges and one trough” over the high latitude Eurasia at 500 hPa, with the ridge line of South Asia High throughout Guangxi at 200 hPa accompanying with active southwest monsoon. Configuration of the upper vortex and surface dry line indicates a vortex type storm. (3) The main physical quantity characteristics included the presence of strong instability energy and stratification, low level convergence at 850 hPa and below, obvious vortex near 700 hPa, upward motion in the whole atmosphere, and high humidity and strong convergence of water vapor at 850 hPa and below. (4) Mesoscale low, vortex, convergence of airflow, etc., triggered the mesoscale convection. Formation and mergence of convective cloud clusters on the FY 2E satellite cloud picture has implications for heavy rainfall. The rainstorm occurring in the development stage of clouds and TBB value being less than 200 K could be used as an indicator of short term heavy rainfall. The train effect produced by the low centroid radar echoes and the effect of topography are important factors in causing heavy rainfall. Strong vertical motion induced by the low level convergence and upper level divergence is conducive to the development and maintenance of strong convection.