In order to design ARGO floats based on China’s own satellite navigation system, a new design of ARGO floats based on the Beidou Navigation Satellite System is presented. The basic principles of ARGO floats, application profiles, and the basic application of the existing Beidou satellite navigation and positioning system are described; the design scheme of ARGO floats based on the Beidou system is introduced; and the feasibility of the ARGO floats is analyzed in the aspects of communication, positioning systems, weight, etc. The communication system of ARGO floats based on the Beidou system, as well as two communication modes, is studied. The results show that the design scheme of ARGO floats based the Beidou system is feasible.