北京地區冰雹天氣特征
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北京市氣象局預報員創新團隊建設計劃、2009年公益類行業專項“中尺度對流性天氣診斷分析方法研究”(GYHY200906003)資助


Characteristic Analysis of a Hail Event in Beijing
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    摘要:

    利用實況探空資料、北京南郊觀象臺加密探空資料以及NCEP再分析資料,對2000—2009年北京地區出現的30次冰雹過程進行了詳細分析。結果表明:北京地區出現冰雹天氣的主要天氣類型可以分為3類:東北冷渦型、蒙古低渦型和低槽型。其所占比例分別為東北冷渦12次;蒙古低渦10;低槽8次。冰雹出現的時間集中在午后14:00—18:00。從大尺度形勢特征來看,北京冰雹日,從925 hPa到500 hPa各層均有動力輻合系統,即高空有較深厚的動力系統,并且各層輻合系統當天過境影響北京。蒙古低渦和偏西路徑低槽型的流場有如下顯著特征:500 hPa在內蒙古中部有西北大風速區,風速在20 m/s以上;850 hPa和700 hPa在北京的東南部有偏南大風速區,風速可達12 m/s左右。冰雹發生日高空各層濕度并不大,各層溫度露點差大都大于5 ℃,這說明冰雹的發生并不需要較強的濕度條件。對常用物理量參數研究發現,對預報冰雹天氣發生有意義的參數及其閾值如下:低空有大的風切變,其中1000/700 hPa風切變分布在3 m〖DK〗·s-1〖DK〗·km-1左右;850/500 hPa風切變分布在2~4 m〖DK〗·s-1〖DK〗·km-1之間;500 hPa與850 hPa溫度差為28~35 ℃;全總指數為40~50 ℃;0 ℃層高度為3000~4500 m;-20 ℃層高度為6000~7500 m;下沉對流有效位能大于800 J〖DK〗·kg-1;深對流指數為20~30;抬升指數小于0。

    Abstract:

    The conventional and intensive observing radiosonde data from the Beijing South Suburb station and NCEP data are used to analyze 30 cases of hails which happened form 2000 to 2009 in Beijing. The results show that the circulation patterns for hail weather can be classified into three weather types: Northeast cold vortex, Mongolia vortex, and trough; the three types of weather patterns occured 12, 10, and 8 times, respectively; hails often happened from 14:00 to 18:00 It can be seen from the characteristics of the large scale weather circulation that there was a dynamic convergence system at each level from 925 hPa to 500 hPa during hail weather. There were deeply dynamic systems passing through Beijing at upper levels. The stream fields of the Mongolia vortex and trough patterns have the typical characteristics that there is a big north west wind velocity area at 500 hPa between Beijing and Inner Mongolia with speed being 20 m/s or above, and a big south wind velocity area at 700 hPa and 850 hPa with the speed being about 12 m/s in the southeast of Beijing. The humidity condition is not very important to hails because the dew point deficit at each level was larger than 5 ℃. The stability parameters are as follow: the temperature difference between 500 hPa and 850 hPa being 28 to 35 ℃, large wind shear at lower levels, DCAPE greater than 800 J〖DK〗·kg-1, LI (Lifted Index) less than 0, DCI (Deep Convective Initiation) between 20 and 30, TT (Total Totals index) between 40 to 50 ℃, the 0 ℃ environmental temperature height between 3000 to 4000 meters, -20 ℃ environmental temperature height being between 6000 and 7500 meters.

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張琳娜,郭銳,何娜,廖曉農.北京地區冰雹天氣特征[J].氣象科技,2013,41(1):114~120

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  • 收稿日期:2011-08-16
  • 定稿日期:2012-03-02
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  • 在線發布日期: 2013-02-01
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