The marine meteorological data acquisition system is designed based on the satellite communication network with the advantages of extensive range coverage, real time online, high quality communication, and low maintenance expense, according to the current situation of comprehensive marine meteorological monitoring equipment. The system architecture and functions of the system are demonstrated in detail, in the aspects of both hardware and software. The crucial techniques of the system hardware architecture include the structure of remote terminal unit and the usage of circuit chip. The system development methodology is elaborated on the basis of the Microsoft Visual Studio 60 integrated package environment. The practical application of the marine meteorological data acquisition system based on the Beidou satellite communication network is introduced.