Soil moisture and vegetation conditions are the most important and direct indexes in drought monitoring, and the retrieval accuracy is important in the judgment of drought degree. A new model of Enhanced Surface Water Content Index (ESWCI), which adds the channel 1 of MODIS based on the Model of SWCI and the characteristic of chlorophyll spectrum, is put forward. The validation results show that ESWCI is more sensitive for surface water content retrieval than SWCI, and suits for regional drought monitoring, which is conducive to the improvement of the accuracy of soil drought monitoring in real time.