A case study is conducted on the lightning induced interior wall collapse event on 13 September 2010 in Yiwu, Zhejiang Province. The intensity of lightning, the waveform of air shock waves, and the solidity of partition walls are analyzed in detail. The results indicate that being lack of certain anti vibration capacity for there was no any wall reinforcement measure is the internal cause; the wind pressure induced by the strong wind (force 10) on that day had a certain impact; the main cause is the strong lightning, which had a negative current intensity of 416.798 kA, far greater than the general disaster strength of 100 to 200 kA; the air shock wave from lightning discharges at short range made wall collapsed.