With plenty of data on sand dust storm disaster losses, the data of economic and agricultural losses caused by spring sand dust storms in the northwestern China are processed respectively. Based on the information diffusion theory, the information diffusion method is used to analyze the risk of economic loss and agricultural loss respectively. The results show: (1) Both the economic loss and agricultural loss show an increasing trend on the climatic background of decreasing spring sand dust storm events. (2) The risk of economic loss is higher in Alashan, Xilingole, Tarim, Altai, Tacheng, Turpan, and Turpan Basin, and the risk of agricultural loss is higher in Turpan, Aksu, Hetian, Guazhou, and Alashan.