Based on data on more than 2400 sets of national automatic weather stations monitored by the Atmospheric Observing System Operation Monitoring (ASOM) platform, the investigation of various types of spare parts from various AWS manufacturer, and the failure and maintenance information from national automatic weather stations of 22 provinces (regions) from 2007 to 2008, the fault causes, fault phenomenon and troubleshooting methods are summarized and analyzed in terms of the data collection system, sensors, power supply systems, terminal equipments, communication equipments, software, etc., thus to provide references for maintenance technicians, and lay a foundation for troubleshooting, improve logistic support capability and maintenance efficiency for AWS’s.