The GYR1 electronic pilot balloon theodolite is a new type of upper level wind sounding instruments, has put to operational use since 2010, so it is necessary to understand its structure and working principles. A brief introduction is made to the structure and principles of the GYR1 Electronic pilot balloon theodolite in combination with the practical operating experiences, and a comparison is made between the GYR1 Electronic pilot balloon theodolite and the original 70 I type theodolite. Two different data processing approaches (online output and manual input) are described. The methods and skills for routine maintenance and some issues needing to pay attention are discussed, to provide some references for the technical staff of meteorological stations.