一次致災雷暴過程的閃電雷達回波特征分析
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Radar Characteristics of a DisasterInducing Lightning and Heavy Rain Event
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    摘要:

    利用雷電監測預警網、多普勒雷達、區域自動站降水同步資料,對2009年7月6日發生在秦皇島市的一次大面積致災雷電、暴雨天氣,進行了詳細分析。結果表明:本次致災雷電過程以負地閃為主,閃電出現頻率最大為712次/h。閃電放電軌跡分布特征呈西北—東南分布,由北向南移動,閃電出現頻率最大時,每小時降水量超過100 mm,閃電發生頻率與降水強度同步。本次致災雷電暴雨天氣是兩個不同時段β中尺度對流云團造成的,其雷達回波結構及物理量有明顯差異,06:00—07:00,雷達回波強度45~50 dBz,主回波結構緊密,云高大于105 km,徑向速度圖上有明顯的逆風區,低層有較強輻合區,云體內存在強烈的渦旋上升運動,液態水含量20~25 kg/m2;14:00—15:00,雷達回波強度50~55 dBz,主回波由多個對流單體構成,結構比較松散,云高大于128 km,徑向速度有明顯的風向切變,液態水含量比上午偏大,為25~30 kg/m2。雷電密集區與強對流回波帶相對應,雷電密集區的移動反映出強對流單體的移動趨勢;徑向速度輻合區對應閃電活動頻繁;雷達回波頂高與閃電活動分布一致。

    Abstract:

    Using the synchronous data of the lightning monitoring and warning network, Doppler radar, and regional AWS precipitation from a severe storm occurred in Qinhuangdao on 6 July 2009, a detailed analysis is carried out. The results show that the lightning process was dominated by negative ground flashes, with the maximum of lightning frequency being 712 times per hour; the lightning discharge trajectory was northwestsoutheast oriented, moving from north to south, with the hourly rainfall being more than 100 mm per hour when the maximum lightning frequency occurred; there was simultaneous phenomenon of lightning frequency and precipitation intensity. The disasterinducing lightning and heavy rain event was caused by two βscale convective cloud clusters at the different phases, whose structures and physical characteristics of the radar echoes were obviously different. Between 06:00 and 07:00, the radar echo intensity was 45 to 50 dBz, with the main echo having a compact structure and the cloud top height being more than 10.5 km; the radial velocity chart had obvious adversewind areas and a strong lowlevel convergence zone, and there was strong vortex ascending motion, with the liquid water content being 20 to 25 kg/m2. Between 14:00 and 15:00, the radar echo intensity was 50 to 55 dBz, and the main echo was composed of multiple convective cells, with a relatively loose structure; the cloud top height was greater than 12.8 km, and the radial velocity had obvious wind shear; the liquid water content in the afternoon was slightly more than that in the morning, being 25 to 30 kg/m2; the lightning density area corresponded well with strong echoes; the movement of dense lightning areas reflected the trends of strong convective cell movement; the radial velocity convergence zone corresponded with the frequent lightning activities; the distribution of radar echo tops was the same as the distribution of lightning activities.

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居麗玲,牛生杰,陳連友.一次致災雷暴過程的閃電雷達回波特征分析[J].氣象科技,2011,39(4):429~437

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  • 收稿日期:2010-03-10
  • 定稿日期:2010-08-23
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