基于GIS的重慶市山洪災害區劃
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重慶市氣象局科技計劃項目資助


Regionalization of Torrential Flood Disasters in Chongqing Based on GIS
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    摘要:

    通過對山洪災害形成的動力條件、孕災環境、降水背景的分析,確定臨界雨量、地表起伏形態、坡度、年降水量、年大雨日數為影響山洪災害形成的主要因子,用主成分分析方法建立重慶市山洪災害區劃模型。在ArcGis軟件的支持下,采用反距離權重法對各影響因子進行空間插值,并進行柵格圖層計算、分割等操作,用自然斷點分級法分為高發區、易發區、一般區、低發區,完成重慶市山洪災害區劃。區劃結果表明:重慶市多山洪災害,東北部為高發區,年發生頻次多在10次以上;中部東南部為易發區,年發生頻次多在8次到10次;西部偏西地區為低發區,年發生頻次多在6次以下。

    Abstract:

    Through analyzing the dynamic conditions for torrential flood forming, the disasterbreeding environment, and the precipitation background, five parameters, including critical rainfall amount, annual precipitation, slope, the relief degree of land surface, and the annual number of heavy rain days, are identified as the main factors affecting the formation of flash flood disasters. Using the method of principal component analysis, the Chongqing torrentialflood disaster zoning model is established. Based on GIS technology, the spatial interpolation on various factors affecting floodinduced disasters by using inversedistance weighting method and then the calculation and segmentation for the raster layer are conducted. Chongqing is divided into four catalogues: high disasterprone area, disasterprone area, general area, and low disasterprone area, and the regionalization of torrentialflood disaster in Chongqing is achieved. The results show that Chongqing is an area attacked frequently by flood disasters. The high disasterprone areas are in northeast, with the annual occurrence frequency being more than 10 times; the disasterprone areas are in central and southeast parts, with the annual frequency more than 8 to 10 times; the low disasterprone areas are in western, with the annual frequency less than 6 times.

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唐余學,廖向花,李晶,劉婷婷,閔凡花.基于GIS的重慶市山洪災害區劃[J].氣象科技,2011,39(4):423~428

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  • 收稿日期:2010-01-26
  • 定稿日期:2010-07-23
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