藤田公式改進及其在臺風預報中的應用
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Improvement of Fujita Formula and Its Application in Typhoon Forecasting
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    摘要:

    在考慮環境氣壓的影響下,引進環境半徑參量對藤田公式改進并將其應用到9711號臺風研究預報中。結果表明:①改進的藤田公式能夠基本解決藤田公式計算的外圍氣壓和氣壓梯度偏小這一問題,合理地給出整個臺風域內氣壓和氣壓梯度力的分布。②改進的藤田公式由于引入了環境半徑的影響,使得計算的風向內偏角減小而風速增大;特別是它能使臺風外圍的風速增大而風向內偏角減小,進而改變臺風的內部結構。③不論是風向內偏角還是風速,在距臺風中心一定距離范圍內,摩擦力對風向內偏角和風速的影響都很小,但當超過這個距離時,風向內偏角和風速均隨摩擦系數變化而急劇變化;且在同距離同摩擦系數條件下,應用改進的藤田公式計算的風向內偏角變小而風速增大。④討論環境的影響(即引入有界環境半徑參量),能夠使計算的臺風外圍氣壓和氣壓梯度增大,風向內偏角減小,風速增大。當環境半徑參量趨于無窮大時,改進后量的狀態無限趨近于沒有改進時量的分布。

    Abstract:

    The environmental radius into the Fujita formula by consideration of environmental pressure is introduced and applied in improving typhoon 9711 forecasting. The results show that: (1) the improved Fujita formula can basically solve the problem that the computed peripheral pressure and pressure gradient are too small, and also gives a reasonable distribution of pressure and pressure gradient force within the typhoon areas; (2) the improved Fujita equation, due to the impact of the environmental radius, makes the computed wind inner deflection angle smaller and wind speed greater, and in particular, changes the internal structure of the typhoon; (3) in either the wind direction or wind speed, in the range of a certain distance from the center of the typhoon, the friction force has a very small effect, but beyond this distance, both wind inner deflection angle and wind speed have a sharp increase with the gradient of friction coefficient; and at the same distance with the same friction coefficient, the improved Fujita formula gives smaller wind inner deflection angle and greater wind speed; (4) by considering the environmental influence (i.e., the introduction of a bounded environment radius parameter), the calculated typhoon periphery pressure and pressure gradient are greater, the wind inner deflection angle smaller, and the wind speed greater. When the environment radius tends to be infinite, the improved status of Fujita formula tends to be unimproved.

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陳超輝,譚言科,李琳,金捷,許玉成.藤田公式改進及其在臺風預報中的應用[J].氣象科技,2011,39(1):1~8

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  • 收稿日期:2009-09-23
  • 定稿日期:2010-09-26
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