熱帶氣旋路徑預報概率圓應用
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國家氣象中心自籌課題“概率圓和襲擊概率制作”資助


Application of Probability Circle Radius in Forecasting Tropical Cyclones
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    摘要:

    熱帶氣旋路徑預報采用預報概率圓可以有效減少不可避免的預報錯誤,在2004~2007年中央氣象臺主觀路徑預報資料的基礎上,使用統計方法并根據預報誤差與熱帶氣旋預報移動速度和移動方向的相關關系分類,分別計算了相應的24、48、72 h路徑預報的70%概率圓半徑,修改了原來業務中使用的概率圓半徑,以期替代原來在業務中使用的概率圓半徑。同時應用修改后的概率圓半徑對近5年的路徑主觀預報進行了分析,給出了2004~2007年預報誤差分布特點以及較大預報誤差熱帶氣旋個例的誤差產生原因,并討論了該方法改進的可能性。

    Abstract:

    A cone is used to represent the probable track of the center of a tropical cyclone, which is formed by enclosing the area swept out by a set of circles along the forecast track (at 24, 48 hours, etc). The size of each circle is set so that the entire track of the tropical cyclone can be expected to remain within the cone roughly 60% to 70% of the time. Based on forecasts over the previous 4 years (from 2004 to 2007), the relationship between tropical cyclone track forecast error and their forecast movement speed and direction is used in classification, and the probability circle radiuses are calculated by means of the statistical method as for the forecast valid time of 24, 48, 72 hours, respectively. The old data used operationally since 2007 are replaced with the new results calculated for the western North Pacific basin in order to reduce the forecast uncertainty. Meantime, the subjective forecasts in the recent five years are analyzed in terms of the modified probability circle radius. The characteristics of forecast errors and the causes of great errors in some tropical cyclone forecasting cases are also given from 2004 to 2007. Possibility of improving the calculation method of radius is also discussed.

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張守峰,錢傳海,高拴柱,劉震坤.熱帶氣旋路徑預報概率圓應用[J].氣象科技,2010,38(2):159~164

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  • 收稿日期:2009-01-21
  • 定稿日期:2009-06-12
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