Based on the data of ground temperature, air temperature and precipitation of China from 1957 to 2006, the distributional characteristics of differences between ground and air temperature in spring in China are analyzed. The relationship of differences between ground and air temperature in spring to summer precipitation is studied by means of the correlation analysis and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) methods. Results show that the distribution of differences between ground and air temperature is similar to the terrain. When droughts occurred in the midlower reaches of the Yangtze River, the differences between ground and air temperature over the Tibetan Plateau is relatively higher, and lower in the Yellow River and Huai River basins in spring. Furthermore, there is significant positive correlation of the differences between ground and air temperature over Tibetan Plateau in spring to the summer precipitation in the midlower reaches of the Yangtze River.