An agricultural drought model based on water budget is established, considering rainfall and crop water requirement at the same time, the special needs of agricultural production in Guangxi, and the reality of agricultural drought monitoring, and accordingly a drought index grading system is developed. Both were used to analyze the spatialtemporal distribution characteristics of the occurrence frequency of rice and sugarcane droughts in growth season in Guangxi Province in the past 44 years (1961 to 2004). Good results are obtained by using the water budget model to calculate and analyze the historical droughts in Guangxi. The near realtime drought monitoring approach can be applied to the monitoring of droughts in Guangxi. The analysis results of the seasonal spatialtemporal characteristics conform to the actual situation.