祁連山地形云試驗區自然地理和氣候特征
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國家自然科學基金重點項目“西北地形云結構及降水機理研究”(40533015)資助


Physical Geography and Climatic Characteristics of TopographicCloud Experiment Area in Qilian Mountain
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    摘要:

    對祁連山地形云民樂試驗區的降水時空變化及夏季降水、云和風向的日變化進行分析發現,試驗區降水隨海拔升高由北向南遞增,在祁連山北坡實測最大年降水量511 mm,出現在海拔2500 m的瓦房城。全年7月降水最多,6~8月降水量占年降水量的57%。夏季風向日變化明顯,以山谷環流為主,白天多為NW風,夜間為SSE風,午后谷風使水汽向祁連山北坡匯集,氣流抬升形成對流云,故山區16:00~20:00降水頻率最高,有兩個雨峰分別出現在午后和半夜,與低云量和積云、積雨云的日變化對應。近50年的氣候變化表明,年降水量呈上升趨

    Abstract:

    The temporal and spatial variation of summer precipitation and the daily variation of clouds and wind direction are analyzed with the 50year climate data from the topographiccloud experiment area in Qilian Mountain. The result shows that the precipitation in the experiment area increased from north to south with increasing altitude. The observed maximum annual precipitation is 511 mm, occuring in Wafangcheng at 2500 m (ASL). The amount of precipitation in July is the biggest, while that from June to August is about 57% of annual precipitation. There is obvious daily variation in wind direction in summer, with mountainvalley circulations dominating. The most frequent wind direction is northwest in daytime and south to southeast in nighttime. Valley winds after noon make vapor converged in the hillside of Qilian Mountain to produce ascending airflow, further convective clouds. As the result, the precipitation frequency is the highest, and two precipitation peaks appear in midnight and noon, respectively, corresponding to daily variations of low cloud, cumulus and cumulonimbus amounts. The climate change of 50 years shows that annual precipitation has an increasing trend; there were two wet periods and two dry periods from 1957 to 2004; it has been in wet periods from 1998 till now. The analyses of annual precipitation and the biggest entropy spectra of annual runoff show that there are obvious periods of 4.8 years and 3 years, and the annual precipitation at Minle has a good relationship with entropy spectra.

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陳躍,陳乾,陳添宇,李寶梓.祁連山地形云試驗區自然地理和氣候特征[J].氣象科技,2008,36(5):575~580

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  • 收稿日期:2007-07-31
  • 定稿日期:2008-01-04
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