陜西果樹花期低溫凍害特征及防御對策
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Low Temperature and Freezing Injury to Fruit Trees at Bloom Stage in Shaanxi and Countermeasures
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    摘要:

    利用陜西省30個蘋果(梨)基地縣氣象站1961~2000年3~5月氣象資料及2001~2006年9個蘋果(梨)基地縣氣象站物候觀測資料,采用氣象統計、田間試驗和災害調查相結合的方法,確定了不同等級果樹花期凍害的預警指標:嚴重低溫凍害(TD≤-2 ℃)、低溫凍害(-2 ℃<TD≤0 ℃)、低溫冷害(2 ℃≤TD<0 ℃)。分析了主要果區不同等級果樹花期凍害的年代際變化特征和時空分布特點?;ㄆ诘蜏貎龊χ饕l生在延安和渭北西部果區,平均每年發生低溫凍害4.1~6.3天、嚴重低溫凍害3.2~6.0天,主要危害時段為4月中旬前后。在試驗示范的基礎上提出了果樹花期凍害 “避”、“抗”、“防”、“補”等系列化防御技術措施。

    Abstract:

    To promote both accuracy and effectiveness of meteorological service for preventing fruit tree freezing injury at blooming stage and reduce economic loss, field experiments and investigations were conducted to decide the warning indexes of different grades for fruit tree freezing injury by means of the meteorological data from 1961 to 2000 from 30 stations and phenological data from 2001 to 2006 from 9 stations: serious low temperature and freezing injury (less than -2 ℃), low temperature and freezing injury (-2 ℃ to 0 ℃), chilling injury (0 ℃ to 2 ℃).The characteristics of interannual variation and the temporal and spatial distribution of fruit tree freezing injuries at blooming stage in the major fruit planting areas are analyzed. The freeze injuries appeared most frequently in Yan’an and the western part of Weibei. Averagely, there are 4.1 to 6.3 low temperature and freezing injury days,and 3.2 to 6.0 serious low temperature and freezing injury days per year. The injures happened most likely in April. Some countermeasure for preventing damages are presented based on the experiments and analysis.

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李健,劉映寧,李美榮,李艷莉.陜西果樹花期低溫凍害特征及防御對策[J].氣象科技,2008,36(3):318~322

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  • 收稿日期:2007-04-04
  • 定稿日期:2007-07-10
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