雙三次數值模式與理想Lamb波、龍卷擾動對比模擬分析
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國家自然科學基金項目“雙三次數值模式研究”(40575053)資助


Bicubic Numerical Model: Ideal Parallel Simulations of Lamb Wave and Tornado Disturbance in the Atmosphere
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    摘要:

    通過“雙三次曲面擬合—時間步長積分—雙三次曲面擬合……”,實現成為一種雙三次曲面擬合新算法數值模式。它對模式大氣作非線性(空間二階可導)描述,是用數值分析(三次樣條/雙三次曲面)與計算方法近似求解大氣運動非線性偏微分方程組。用Z坐標系高分辨率雙三次數值模式,采用原始大氣運動方程組和采用歐拉時間積分方案,設置理想擾動,對大氣聲波Lamb波做數值模擬;采用大氣不可壓假定,除去聲波,對大氣重力波龍卷擾動做數值模擬。對比模擬發現:理想Lamb波以聲速在水平方向傳播,擾動能量頻散快,僅能在原地持續數秒鐘;理想龍卷擾動則在原地可持續約1 min,且波動內圈(外圈)自下至上始終處于風場輻合(輻散)狀態,具冷心結構和氣壓駐波特征,可因水汽進入擾動與借助凝結潛熱釋放而得到發展。

    Abstract:

    A new numerical model with a new algorithm of the Coons bicubic curved surface fitting by means of “bicubic curved surface fitting-time step integration-bicubic curved-surface fitting...” is presented. Obviously, this model can give a nonlinear description to atmospheric motion and can get the solution (approximate numerical solution) of a nonlinear partial differential equation system by the numerical analysis method. Actually, with the cubic spline function, BiNM is a Coons bicubic curvedsurface fitting model for many physical fields of the atmospheric motion in the x, y, or z directions (but the timedimension is not considered here). It can make the fitting of the synoptic system by a continuous regular polyhedrons composed with N pieces of Hermite bicubic patches in mathematical RN space. By this kind of fitting, the atmospheric physical field P, as well as its differential PX and PXX, and P's integral in the X (X = x, y, z) space can be all obtained at any time. It is indicated that, by the differential quotient instead of linear difference, BiNM can describe multiscale and nonlinear atmospheric motions and forecast (simulate) them by time integration for their governing equations. A Bicubic Numerical Model (BiNM) with the Z coordinate system and high resolution (22 m grid spacing in horizontal and 52 layers in vertical) is used. An ideal predefined disturbance of mospheric acoustic waves (Lamb waves) is simulated by using the primary atmospheric equations of motion and the Eulerian time integration scheme; meanwhile, the same gravity wave as an ideal tornado disturbance is also simulated by assuming that the free atmosphere be incompressible, such that the acoustic wave is eliminated in the simulation, showing that tornados are not acoustic waves but gravity waves in the atmosphere. It is also found that: (1) the simulated Lamb wave would propagate in horizontal direction at a speed similar to the speed of acoustic waves in the atmosphere and last for only a few seconds at its original place, in which energy dispersion is much more quickly than tornado disturbance; (2) like gravity wave in the atmosphere, the simulated tornado disturbance can last for more than one minute at its original place, and its inner (outer) part is all the while a convergence (divergence) circle from its bottom up, having a cold core and showing stationary wave features. The tornado disturbance can develop from the input of water vapor into the disturbance and the releasing of condensation latent heat. Under the incompressible flow assumption, a wetadiabatic energy balance equation is derived, which theoretically proved that condensation latent heat can help the development of a tornado.

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辜旭贊,張兵.雙三次數值模式與理想Lamb波、龍卷擾動對比模擬分析[J].氣象科技,2007,35(5):613~620

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  • 收稿日期:2006-10-08
  • 定稿日期:2007-05-15
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