新疆岳普湖金銀花種植的氣候條件分析
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中國氣象局旱區特色農業氣象災害監測預警與風險管理重點實驗室開放研究項目(CAMF201704)、新疆氣象局科學技術研究與應用技術開發項目(MS201911)、新疆維吾爾自治區喀什地區氣象局2020年度課題項目(KS202005)資助


Climatic Condition Analysis of Flos Lonicerae Planting in Yuepuhu of Xinjiang
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    摘要:

    利用新疆塔里木盆地西部岳普湖縣1981—2019年氣象觀測資料,結合金銀花生長發育情況,分析氣候條件與金銀花生長的利弊關系,根據金銀花的生態學特性,對岳普湖縣金銀花栽培的氣象條件進行了系統的分析,結果表明:金銀花各物候期的平均氣溫呈明顯的升高趨勢、日照時數有明顯的增多趨勢、水源充足,有利于金銀花正常生長發育。隨著氣溫升高、日照時數增多,種植時間從以前的3月中旬提早至3月上旬,種植面積逐年擴大,從2016年的幾十公頃擴大到2019年的345 hm2,種植模式從平作方式調整到套種模式,品種統一用北花一號品種。金銀花生長發育過程中≥38 ℃的連續高溫日數,尤其是≥40 ℃的高溫天氣、短時強降水天氣、風沙天氣等氣象條件對金銀花品質和產量產生了有害影響。探討金銀花種植產業的有利氣候條件,可為新疆金銀花產業基地建設提供科學依據,為花農增收致富提供氣象保障。

    Abstract:

    Using the meteorological observation data of Yuepuhu in Xinjiang from 1981 to 2019, combined with the growth and development of Flos Lonicerae, the relationship between the climatic conditions and the growth of Flos Lonicerae in Yuepuhu are analyzed. According to the ecological characteristics of Flos Lonicerae, the meteorological conditions of Flos Lonicerae cultivation in Yuepuhu are systematically analyzed, and the results show that the average temperature of each phenological stage of Flos Lonicerae in Yuepuhu show an obvious increasing trend; the number of sunshine hours has an obvious increasing trend; and the water source is sufficient. These are conducive to the normal growth and development of Flos Lonicerae. As the temperature rises and the number of sunshine hours increases, the planting time has been advanced from the previous midMarch to early March; the planting area has expanded year by year, from tens of hectares in 2016 to 345 hm2 in 2019; and the planting mode has been adjusted from the plain cropping to intercropping method. In the interplanting mode, the varieties are unified with Beihua No.1. The number of consecutive high temperature days of ≥38 ℃ during the growth and development of Flos Lonicerae, especially in ≥40 ℃ high temperature weather, the shortterm heavy precipitation weather, windy and sandy weather and other meteorological conditions have certain influence on the quality and yield of Flos Lonicerae. Exploration of the favorable climatic conditions for the development of the Flos Lonicerae planting industry in Yuepuhu provides a scientific basis for the construction of the Yuepuhu Flos Lonicerae industrial base, as well as the meteorological guarantee for the increase of income of flower farmers.

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克日木·阿巴司,努爾帕提曼·買買提熱依木,孟凡雪,帕提曼·阿布都艾尼,謝葉,坎吉古麗·烏守爾.新疆岳普湖金銀花種植的氣候條件分析[J].氣象科技,2020,48(6):917~922

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  • 收稿日期:2019-11-02
  • 定稿日期:2020-06-29
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  • 在線發布日期: 2020-12-28
  • 出版日期: 2020-12-31
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